Adenocarcinoma is the most common form of esophageal cancer in the United States, and it affects primarily white men. Squamous cell carcinoma. The squamous cells are flat, thin cells that line the surface of the esophagus. Squamous cell carcinoma occurs most often in the upper and middle portions of the esophagus.
Smoking and poorly controlled acid reflux are significant risk factors for oesophageal cancer.
Symptoms include trouble swallowing, unintentional weight loss, chest pain, worsening indigestion or heartburn and coughing or hoarseness.
Treatment focuses on removing cancer through surgery. Chemotherapy and radiation may also be used.